HER2 Positive Breast Cancer: All You Need to Know

| Awareness

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer: All You Need to Know

 

Breast cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease that is growing over time for exact reasons unknown. There are many subtypes of breast cancer, HER2 positive breast cancer is one of them. Around 15-20% of all cancers are HER2-positive breast cancer, making it 1 in every 5 breast cancer cases. Understanding what HER2 is crucial in timely diagnosis and intervention. In this blog, we will delve into everything you need to know about HER2-positive breast cancer. 

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

 

What is HER2 Positive Breast Cancer?


HER2-positive breast cancer occurs when the levels of a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are high. HER2 is an important protein that plays a role in cell growth regulation and is found on the surface of healthy breast cells. It becomes a problem when there is an overproduction of this protein, which causes cells to grow uncontrollably, leading to tumors. 

The overproduction occurs because of genetic mutation. This overexpression of the protein may lead to the aggressive nature of HER2-positive breast cancer. This kind of cancer can be quicker to progress and can also have an increased likelihood of metastasis. Patients may also face a challenging prognosis because of the aggressive nature of the cancer. 

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Symptoms


The symptoms of HER2-positive breast cancer may resemble those of other types of breast cancer. Some individuals start to show symptoms in the early stages, while others may not observe any change, especially in the beginning stages. 

Common symptoms include the presence of a lump or mass in the breast or underarm, a change in breast shape, breast or nipple pain, and discharge from nipples. There can also be swelling or thickening of the nipple or creasing in the breast. The symptoms may differ from individual to individual, but any of the aforementioned symptoms should require a visit to a healthcare professional near you. 

Not all breast changes may be linked to breast cancer. Therefore, a thorough evaluation done by a professional is necessary as some changes may be linked to other benign conditions. 

Regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are essential for detecting abnormalities and initiating timely medical intervention. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough evaluation, including imaging tests and biopsies, to determine the cause of the symptoms and, therefore, provide appropriate guidance and treatment options. 

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Causes


The main cause of HER2-positive breast cancer is the overproduction of the protein HER2, which is responsible for the uncontrolled growth of the cells. This occurs because of a genetic mutation in the DNA. The actual causes of the genetic mutation are unknown, but certain factors may be causing the mutation. 

The first reason is family history. You may have a genetic predisposition that may lead to the development of HER2-positive breast cancer because of having a family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. 

Another reason contributing to increased risks of developing this subtype is hormonal issues. Hormones like estrogen can affect how much HER2 protein is made in breast cells. Estrogen is a hormone that's naturally present in our bodies, and when breast cells are exposed to estrogen, they can make more HER2 protein. Inside breast cells, there are receptors called estrogen receptors. When estrogen attaches to these receptors, it can signal the cells to grow and divide. 

Furthermore, environmental factors and lifestyle choices may also play a role in the development of HER2-positive breast cancer. 

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Treatment  


Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach aimed at targeting the overexpression of the HER2 protein. Targeted therapies that inhibit the HER2 receptors are used to control the overproduction of HER2 proteins.

Professionals also prescribe drugs to help manage cancer. These drugs bind to the HER2 receptors on cancer cells and prevent growth. Surgery, such as lumpectomy or mastectomy, may be performed to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. If there are any tumor cells remaining after surgery, they are destroyed using radiation therapy. 

 

Conclusion


In conclusion, HER2-positive breast cancer is a specific type of cancer where there is an increase in levels of the protein HER2 that is typically present in breast cells because of genetic mutation. This mutation can cause the overproduction of the protein. It is crucial to understand the symptoms of the cancer for a timely diagnosis. Being aware of the treatment options is also important. Consult with healthcare professionals and also notice any changes in the breasts yourself. Equipped with the right information and support, we can continue to make progress in the fight against breast cancer

 

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

 

FAQs


1. What are the risk factors for developing HER2-positive breast cancer?


Risk factors for HER2-positive breast cancer include age (risk increases with age), family history of breast cancer, and hormonal factors such as early menstruation or late menopause.

 

2. How is HER2-positive breast cancer different from other subtypes of breast cancer?


HER2-positive breast cancer is distinct because of the overexpression of the HER2 protein, which causes uncontrolled cell growth. This subtype may require different treatment approaches compared to other types of breast cancer.

 

3. Can HER2-positive breast cancer metastasize?


Yes, like other types of breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer can spread beyond the breast to other parts of the body. The process is known as metastasis. This is why it is important to get an early diagnosis and timely intervention. 

 

4. Are there specific screening recommendations for HER2-positive breast cancer?


Currently, there are no specific screening tests solely for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, regular breast cancer screenings, including mammograms and clinical breast exams, are recommended for early detection of all breast cancer subtypes.

 

5. What should I do if I've been diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer?


If you've been diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer, work closely with a multidisciplinary healthcare team to develop a customized treatment plan. This plan may include a combination of therapies tailored to your specific needs and preferences. Additionally, seek support from loved ones and connect with patient advocacy groups for guidance and encouragement.