Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors and Treatment

 

Angiosarcoma is a rare but aggressive type of cancer. It is usually characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells that can quickly spread to other parts of the body. It can start in the inner lining of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels and can also occur in various parts of the body, including skin, soft tissues, and internal organs. 

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast develops in the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels of the breast tissue. It only accounts for a small percentage of breast cancers, but since it can progress pretty quickly, and the chances for recurrence are also higher, it is a difficult condition to manage. In this blog, we will delve into the symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment of primary angiosarcoma of the breast. 

 



 

Symptoms of Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast

Some of the symptoms of primary angiosarcoma of the breast may also resemble those of the more common breast conditions. The most prominent symptom is often the presence of a painless lump or mass in the breast. However, the benign breast lumps do not spread to other parts, but angiosarcoma may grow rapidly over time, and the individual may need to seek medical attention.  

Other than the presence of a lump, the skin also changes in the affected area. The breast may also appear swollen, red, or discolored, which represents changes underlying the tissue. Some individuals may observe something called telangiectasias, which is bruising or the development of small blood vessels near the surface of the skin.

Some individuals may experience discomfort in the affected breast. This pain may be localized to the area of the tumor or may radiate to other parts of the breast. In later advanced stages of the disease, skin ulceration may occur over the affected area. Ulcers or sores may develop on the skin, and these wounds may not heal, which indicates a more severe progression of the disease. 

It's important to recognize that these symptoms can also be associated with other benign or malignant breast conditions. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals experiencing these symptoms to seek medical evaluation by a healthcare professional.

 

Causes of Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast

Even though the actual cause of the primary angiosarcoma may be unknown, factors like previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, and environmental exposures may contribute. Radiation therapy, which was previously employed during the treatment of other breast cancers, could lead to blood vessel damage that can cause tumor formation Even though specific environmental factors are not specified, exposure to environmental toxins may increase the risk. Risk factors of primary angiosarcoma of the breast may also be chronic lymphedema. It also creates a favorable environment for cancer growth. Chronic lymphedema is a condition characterized by persistent swelling that may have been caused due to lymphatic system blockage. Stagnant lymph fluid creates an environment conducive to cancer growth, raising the likelihood of angiosarcoma development. 

 



 

Treatment of Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast

Treatment is complex and may include a multidisciplinary approach customized to each patient’s circumstances. Factors like tumor size, location, and stage may affect treatment.

Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary treatment for angiosarcoma of the breast. The goal is to remove the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue. Depending on the extent of the disease, a lumpectomy or mastectomy may be performed. Lumpectomy involves the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue, while mastectomy may involve the removal of the entire breast. Surgery reduces the risk of recurrence. 

Chemotherapy may be recommended to target cancer cells that have spread beyond the breast. It may also be performed to shrink the tumor before surgery. Chemotherapy drugs are administered through intravenous infusion. The drugs work by disrupting the growth of cancer cells. It is beneficial for people with metastatic disease. 

Radiation therapy may be used in conjunction with surgery or as a primary treatment option for individuals who are not candidates for surgery. Radiation therapy delivers high-energy beams to the affected breast, targeting any remaining cancer cells after surgery or reducing the size of the tumor before surgical intervention. Radiation helps destroy cancer cells and minimize the risk of recurrence in the treated area.

 



 

Conclusion 

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare cancer that can be very challenging to manage since it is quite aggressive and can spread from one part of the body to another. Being aware of the symptoms is crucial as it leads to early diagnosis and effective management. Treatment may involve a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. These treatments may aim to control the condition, but the aggressive nature of angiosarcoma recurrence remains a significant concern. 

 

FAQs

1. What is the primary angiosarcoma of the breast?

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels within the breast tissue.

 

2. What are the common symptoms of primary angiosarcoma of the breast?

Common symptoms include a painless lump or mass in the breast, skin changes such as swelling, redness, or bruising, breast pain or tenderness, and, in advanced stages, skin ulceration or non-healing sores.

 

3. How is primary angiosarcoma of the breast diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound, and a biopsy of the affected tissue to confirm the presence of angiosarcoma cells. 

 

4. Can primary angiosarcoma of the breast be prevented?

As the exact cause of primary angiosarcoma of the breast is not well understood, there are no specific preventive measures. However, individuals can reduce their risk by avoiding exposure to known environmental toxins or chemicals and maintaining overall good health.

 

5. Are there support resources available for individuals diagnosed with primary angiosarcoma of the breast?

Yes, there are various support groups, online forums, and organizations available to provide information and support for affected individuals and families. Healthcare providers can also offer guidance and referrals to appropriate support services.